Which programming paradigm focuses on objects and classes?

The programming paradigm that focuses on objects and classes is object-oriented programming. This paradigm is centered around the concept of encapsulating data and behavior within objects, which are instances of classes.

In object-oriented programming, a class serves as a blueprint for creating objects, allowing for the definition of attributes (data) and methods (functions) that operate on the data. This approach promotes code reusability through inheritance, where classes can derive from other classes to inherit their properties, while also enabling polymorphism, where different classes can be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface.

The core principles of object-oriented programming include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, which collectively help in organizing complex software systems and making them modular, easier to maintain, and more scalable. This paradigm is widely used in many programming languages such as Java, C++, and Python, making it a fundamental concept in the field of software development.

In contrast, functional programming emphasizes the use of functions and their results, logical programming is based on formal logic, and procedural programming focuses on sequences of instructions and procedures without the object-centric structure found in object-oriented programming.