Which of the following are key components of an information system?

The key components of an information system are best represented by the combination of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people. This answer captures the essential elements required for an information system to function effectively.

Hardware refers to the physical equipment that supports computing processes, such as computers, servers, and networking devices. Software encompasses the applications and operating systems that run on the hardware and enable users to perform tasks. Data is the information processed and stored by the system, which can be analyzed and used for decision-making. Procedures refer to the guidelines or processes that dictate how data is managed and how users interact with the system. Finally, people are crucial as they interact with the information system—ranging from IT professionals who manage the technology to end-users who utilize the data for various purposes.

The other options do not fully encompass all these critical components. For example, while some options mention hardware and software, they may omit vital aspects like procedures or people, which are necessary for the overall operation and success of an information system. Therefore, emphasizing these five components helps ensure a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes an effective information system.